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One Korean County Took Natural Farming Rice From 23 to 200 ha

Cho Kyung-hoon, Gokseong County Agricultural Technology Center, South Jeolla Province (head of the Technology Extension Division; the slide calls him Director) · South Korea

Spoken in Korean. Translated to English and checked line by line.

A county extension officer from Gokseong tells how his office moved from organic farming that failed to natural farming under Master Cho, starting in 2009. Natural farming rice in the county grew from 23 ha in 2009 to 200 ha in 2015–2016, with 250 ha expected next. The rest is a photo tour of crops and livestock with field stories, spoken figures and few controlled comparisons.

What they found

The question

Main claim: a county extension office can grow natural farming to scale, mainly in rice, by making the inputs for farmers and backing the stubborn few who will do the work.

How they tested it

Gokseong County, South Jeolla, Korea, 2009–2016. County extension program, not a trial. The office turned an old hydroponic greenhouse into an input workshop with clay jars and seawater tanks; trained staff now make inputs for farmers who come in. Crops and animals named: rice, melon, lettuce, chives, strawberry, taro, pepper, perilla leaf, watermelon, ginseng, apple, pear, grape, maesil plum, blueberry, cattle, pigs, chickens. No control plots, replication, yields per area, or statistics are given.

What was compared
  • Natural farming rice program — Seed disinfection and seed treatment, pot seeding and seedlings, then applications at several growth stages (including the changeover) and at harvest. The talk does not name the solutions or give rates. Transplanted wide: 32 × 25 cm, 45–50 hills per pyeong (3.3 m²), against 20 × 15 cm shown in an earlier talk. Insect lure traps set in the paddy after planting.
  • Input workshop — County staff make natural farming inputs for farmers in a converted greenhouse with clay jars and stored seawater. The speaker mentions herbal nutrients and natural inputs in general terms.
  • Chicks and pigs — Slide: chicks raised on the floor, fed fresh greens and red clay (loess). Pigs: barn, piglets, sows, finishers on deep bedding (photos only).
Results
  1. Natural farming rice grew from 23 ha in 2009 to 200 ha in 2015 and 2016

    Slide table: 23 (2009), 50 (2010), 70 (2011), 100 (2012), 150 (2013), 180 (2014), 200 (2015), 200 (2016) ha. He expects about 250 ha next year.

    ▶ 5:45 Said and shown on the slides

  2. Gokseong has 700 ha of organic rice and about 600 ha pesticide-free; 200 ha of the organic is natural farming

    Spoken only. How the categories overlap is not explained.

    ▶ 7:26 As spoken

  3. Natural farming panicles carried over 300 grains, the best 320, against a usual 85–120

    Spoken only; no sample size or counting method given, and 320 is the best single panicle.

    ▶ 12:59 As spoken

  4. Strawberry: Brix and yield up 10%, no spending on nutrient products or pesticides

    Slide for one grower, Kim Byeong-uk of Sin-ri, Gokseong-eup, 3 greenhouses. No baseline or year is shown.

    ▶ 16:01 From the slides

  5. Melons flooded for two hours were brought back with natural farming

    Slide shows melon after transplanting, storm damage, and after recovery. He had said they could not be saved. No numbers.

    ▶ 14:33 Said and shown on the slides

  6. A vineyard about to be abandoned earned its grower 50 million won

    Slide: 2010, Seokgok, about to close, 1 ha (partly hidden). Spoken: afterwards the grower earned 50 million won and bought the land. One transcript heard 'spent' instead of 'earned'.

    ▶ 15:14 Said and shown on the slides

  7. Eggs sell for 900 won each

    Spoken. He also says the pork and chicken taste better and boiled chicken throws off little fat; no measurements.

    ▶ 8:38 As spoken

  8. Apple is the hardest crop; pear is manageable

    One apple grower gave up. No figures.

    ▶ 9:18 As spoken

  9. Cattle results not in yet

    Cattle take 30 months to finish, so he can't yet say whether it worked.

    ▶ 16:50 As spoken

  10. The county rents transplanters at 0.3% of the price per day

    Farmers would not buy a 38-million-won pot transplanter even with 50% or 70% subsidy, so the center bought them as rental machines; he gives 90,000 won a day for a 30-million-won machine.

    ▶ 12:07 As spoken

Hold it loosely
  • An extension report and photo tour, not a trial: no control plots, no replication, no statistics.
  • Rice area is the only figure on a slide table; yields per hectare are never given.
  • Grain counts per panicle are spoken best cases, with no sampling method.
  • The strawberry 10% figure has no baseline or year.
  • Natural farming solutions, rates and timing are not named for any crop.
  • Much of the audio is fast dialect; several passages (stage application names, pepper vinegar, taro prices) could not be made out with confidence.
For your farm
  • A local center that makes the inputs for farmers can take natural farming beyond a few enthusiasts; Gokseong reached 200 ha of rice in seven years.
  • Plant rice wide (here 32 × 25 cm, 45–50 hills per pyeong), not at the dense 20 × 15 cm spacing.
  • Natural farming rice takes many timed applications, from seed treatment to harvest; expect only committed farmers to stay with it.
  • Renting expensive machines, priced per day, can work where subsidies alone don't.
  • Apples were the hardest crop in this county; start with easier crops.

Next to Master Cho's teaching

  • Agrees

    Wide rice spacing Cho plants two or three seedlings per hill at wide spacing, far wider than conventional. Gokseong's 32 × 25 cm is wider than conventional but closer than Cho's own 40–50 cm.

    2017/Advanced Cho/advanced fruit/IMG_3213 @ 0:00:00 (translated)

  • Goes further

    300+ grains per panicle Cho gives 80–120 grains per panicle for conventional and 180–250 for natural farming rice. Gokseong's spoken 300+ (best 320) is above Cho's own figure, and it is a best case.

    2017/Cho - Papaikou/IMG_9605 @ 0:00:00 (translated)

  • Agrees

    Seed treatment first for rice Cho's seed and seedling treatment uses Food (FPJ), Cleanser (BRV) and Medicine (OHN), with rice seed soaked about 7 hours. The talk names seed treatment as step one but not the solutions.

    Cho, Janong Natural Farming (2003), p. 155–156

  • Agrees

    County center makes the inputs for farmers In Cho's 2017 seminar the Gokseong center is shown making about twenty inputs from raw materials farmers bring in, as the speaker describes.

    2017/Advanced Cho/advanced fruit/IMG_3102 @ 0:00:00 (translated)

  • Agrees

    Chicks fed greens and red clay Cho teaches feeding forage and grasses to chicks and piglets from a young age to build the gut.

    Cho, IMO and Vital Power of Crops and Livestock, p. 54

“Even after eight years of this, I don't know a tenth of what the Director knows.”

▶ 3:17

“A person who does natural farming has to be a bit of a crazy.”

▶ 7:42

“Ours hang heavy with over 300 grains. The most heavily laden one had 320.”

▶ 12:59

In this talk

  1. 0:00Intro: Gokseong and the typhoon
  2. 1:04Why organic failed, why natural farming
  3. 4:29The county's input workshop
  4. 5:45Natural farming status, 2009–2016
  5. 7:24County rice area and stubborn farmers
  6. 8:16Crops and livestock tried
  7. 10:22Rice: seed, seedlings, spacing
  8. 11:23Rental transplanters
  9. 12:46Grains per panicle and rice prices
  10. 13:36Lettuce and pepper
  11. 14:15Melon saved after flooding
  12. 15:09Apple and grape
  13. 15:37Perilla, strawberry, taro
  14. 16:34Chicks, pigs, cattle
  15. 16:54Still in progress; close

Transcript

English translation, checked against the Korean as spoken. Click any time to play from there.