One Korean County Took Natural Farming Rice From 23 to 200 ha
Cho Kyung-hoon, Gokseong County Agricultural Technology Center, South Jeolla Province (head of the Technology Extension Division; the slide calls him Director) · South Korea
Spoken in Korean. Translated to English and checked line by line.
A county extension officer from Gokseong tells how his office moved from organic farming that failed to natural farming under Master Cho, starting in 2009. Natural farming rice in the county grew from 23 ha in 2009 to 200 ha in 2015–2016, with 250 ha expected next. The rest is a photo tour of crops and livestock with field stories, spoken figures and few controlled comparisons.
What they found
Main claim: a county extension office can grow natural farming to scale, mainly in rice, by making the inputs for farmers and backing the stubborn few who will do the work.
Gokseong County, South Jeolla, Korea, 2009–2016. County extension program, not a trial. The office turned an old hydroponic greenhouse into an input workshop with clay jars and seawater tanks; trained staff now make inputs for farmers who come in. Crops and animals named: rice, melon, lettuce, chives, strawberry, taro, pepper, perilla leaf, watermelon, ginseng, apple, pear, grape, maesil plum, blueberry, cattle, pigs, chickens. No control plots, replication, yields per area, or statistics are given.
- Natural farming rice program — Seed disinfection and seed treatment, pot seeding and seedlings, then applications at several growth stages (including the changeover) and at harvest. The talk does not name the solutions or give rates. Transplanted wide: 32 × 25 cm, 45–50 hills per pyeong (3.3 m²), against 20 × 15 cm shown in an earlier talk. Insect lure traps set in the paddy after planting.
- Input workshop — County staff make natural farming inputs for farmers in a converted greenhouse with clay jars and stored seawater. The speaker mentions herbal nutrients and natural inputs in general terms.
- Chicks and pigs — Slide: chicks raised on the floor, fed fresh greens and red clay (loess). Pigs: barn, piglets, sows, finishers on deep bedding (photos only).
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Natural farming rice grew from 23 ha in 2009 to 200 ha in 2015 and 2016
Slide table: 23 (2009), 50 (2010), 70 (2011), 100 (2012), 150 (2013), 180 (2014), 200 (2015), 200 (2016) ha. He expects about 250 ha next year.
▶ 5:45 Said and shown on the slides
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Gokseong has 700 ha of organic rice and about 600 ha pesticide-free; 200 ha of the organic is natural farming
Spoken only. How the categories overlap is not explained.
▶ 7:26 As spoken
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Natural farming panicles carried over 300 grains, the best 320, against a usual 85–120
Spoken only; no sample size or counting method given, and 320 is the best single panicle.
▶ 12:59 As spoken
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Strawberry: Brix and yield up 10%, no spending on nutrient products or pesticides
Slide for one grower, Kim Byeong-uk of Sin-ri, Gokseong-eup, 3 greenhouses. No baseline or year is shown.
▶ 16:01 From the slides
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Melons flooded for two hours were brought back with natural farming
Slide shows melon after transplanting, storm damage, and after recovery. He had said they could not be saved. No numbers.
▶ 14:33 Said and shown on the slides
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A vineyard about to be abandoned earned its grower 50 million won
Slide: 2010, Seokgok, about to close, 1 ha (partly hidden). Spoken: afterwards the grower earned 50 million won and bought the land. One transcript heard 'spent' instead of 'earned'.
▶ 15:14 Said and shown on the slides
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Eggs sell for 900 won each
Spoken. He also says the pork and chicken taste better and boiled chicken throws off little fat; no measurements.
▶ 8:38 As spoken
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Apple is the hardest crop; pear is manageable
One apple grower gave up. No figures.
▶ 9:18 As spoken
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Cattle results not in yet
Cattle take 30 months to finish, so he can't yet say whether it worked.
▶ 16:50 As spoken
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The county rents transplanters at 0.3% of the price per day
Farmers would not buy a 38-million-won pot transplanter even with 50% or 70% subsidy, so the center bought them as rental machines; he gives 90,000 won a day for a 30-million-won machine.
▶ 12:07 As spoken
- An extension report and photo tour, not a trial: no control plots, no replication, no statistics.
- Rice area is the only figure on a slide table; yields per hectare are never given.
- Grain counts per panicle are spoken best cases, with no sampling method.
- The strawberry 10% figure has no baseline or year.
- Natural farming solutions, rates and timing are not named for any crop.
- Much of the audio is fast dialect; several passages (stage application names, pepper vinegar, taro prices) could not be made out with confidence.
- A local center that makes the inputs for farmers can take natural farming beyond a few enthusiasts; Gokseong reached 200 ha of rice in seven years.
- Plant rice wide (here 32 × 25 cm, 45–50 hills per pyeong), not at the dense 20 × 15 cm spacing.
- Natural farming rice takes many timed applications, from seed treatment to harvest; expect only committed farmers to stay with it.
- Renting expensive machines, priced per day, can work where subsidies alone don't.
- Apples were the hardest crop in this county; start with easier crops.
Next to Master Cho's teaching
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Agrees
Wide rice spacing Cho plants two or three seedlings per hill at wide spacing, far wider than conventional. Gokseong's 32 × 25 cm is wider than conventional but closer than Cho's own 40–50 cm.
2017/Advanced Cho/advanced fruit/IMG_3213 @ 0:00:00 (translated)
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Goes further
300+ grains per panicle Cho gives 80–120 grains per panicle for conventional and 180–250 for natural farming rice. Gokseong's spoken 300+ (best 320) is above Cho's own figure, and it is a best case.
2017/Cho - Papaikou/IMG_9605 @ 0:00:00 (translated)
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Agrees
Seed treatment first for rice Cho's seed and seedling treatment uses Food (FPJ), Cleanser (BRV) and Medicine (OHN), with rice seed soaked about 7 hours. The talk names seed treatment as step one but not the solutions.
Cho, Janong Natural Farming (2003), p. 155–156
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Agrees
County center makes the inputs for farmers In Cho's 2017 seminar the Gokseong center is shown making about twenty inputs from raw materials farmers bring in, as the speaker describes.
2017/Advanced Cho/advanced fruit/IMG_3102 @ 0:00:00 (translated)
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Agrees
Chicks fed greens and red clay Cho teaches feeding forage and grasses to chicks and piglets from a young age to build the gut.
Cho, IMO and Vital Power of Crops and Livestock, p. 54
“Even after eight years of this, I don't know a tenth of what the Director knows.”
▶ 3:17
“A person who does natural farming has to be a bit of a crazy.”
▶ 7:42
“Ours hang heavy with over 300 grains. The most heavily laden one had 320.”
▶ 12:59
In this talk
- 0:00Intro: Gokseong and the typhoon
- 1:04Why organic failed, why natural farming
- 4:29The county's input workshop
- 5:45Natural farming status, 2009–2016
- 7:24County rice area and stubborn farmers
- 8:16Crops and livestock tried
- 10:22Rice: seed, seedlings, spacing
- 11:23Rental transplanters
- 12:46Grains per panicle and rice prices
- 13:36Lettuce and pepper
- 14:15Melon saved after flooding
- 15:09Apple and grape
- 15:37Perilla, strawberry, taro
- 16:34Chicks, pigs, cattle
- 16:54Still in progress; close
Transcript
English translation, checked against the Korean as spoken. Click any time to play from there.
0:00 Hello. I'm Cho Kyung-hoon of the Gokseong Agricultural Technology Center. So many of you have gathered, so many have come. I understood that each of us would speak here for about ten minutes, but it makes me think I should have studied harder in my school days. That's the thought I have. Come closer. Come closer. Yes, yes. I should have studied harder in school. I didn't, and now I regret it all. And thank you to our Director and to Professor Kim Doo-hwan for arranging this invitation.
안녕하십니까. 곡성 기술센터 조경훈입니다. 많이 모여서 이렇게 많이 오시고 이게 오늘 모든 것이 10분씩 여기 열린다고 알았습니다만 학교 때 공부를 더 열심히 할 걸 그런 생각이 듭니다. 가까이 오십시오. 가까이 오십시오. 예예. 학교 때 공부를 더 열심히 할 걸 안 했더니 이제 다 후회가 됩니다. 그리고 우리 원장님과 김두환 교수님께서 섭외를 해주셔서 감사합니다.
0:37 Our Gokseong is in South Jeolla Province. Typhoon Chaba swept across Jeju and is coming up; by now it has probably reached around Busan. The typhoon has come up. I am the head of the Technology Extension Division at the Gokseong County Agricultural Technology Center. I've been a civil servant for 40 years now. What got me into natural farming: around 2006 and 2007, a wind blew through Korea that we must do organic farming.
저희 곡성은 전라남도인데 이번 태풍 차바로 인해서 지금 제주도를 휩쓸고 올라오는 지금쯤 부산쯤 갔을 겁니다. 태풍이 올라왔습니다. 저는 전문기관인 곡성군 농업기술센터 내 기술보급과장을 하고 있습니다. 그래서 공무원 생활은 40년째 하고 있습니다. 그런데 제가 자연농업을 접하게 된 동기가 2007년도에, 6년도 7년도에 한국에 유기농업을 해야 된다.
1:25 That wind blew. But the reason we took up organic farming was not for our farmers' sake. If you farm organically, the county residents' medical costs drop by that much. So with that aim in view, we had farmers go organic, but doing organic farming for about two years, we nearly died. Nearly died. When I went around, people told me to watch the back of my head. ...that they'd see to it. Because for those two years, imitation products were coming in. We tried this and that, products sold as natural farming remedies too, but apart from insecticides and fungicides, nothing was any use.
그 바람이 불었습니다. 그런데 유기농업을 한 그 이유가 우리 농업인을 위해서 유기농업을 한 것은 아닙니다. 유기농업을 하게 되면 군민에 대한 의료비가 그만큼 절감이 됩니다. 목표 차원에서 그래서 유기농업을 하도록 했는데 저희들이 한 2년간 유기농업을 하면서 아주 죽어봤습니다. 죽어봐요. 돌아다니면서 뒷꼭지에, 뒷꼭지에 잘 조심하라고. 있도록 해본다고. 왜냐하면 그때 2년간 흉내약이 들어오고 있습니다. 자연 농업으로 나온 약도 이것저것 하고 살충제 말고 살균제 말고 아무 소용 없어요.
2:13 Buying them and using them doesn't work. When you grow napa cabbage, little worms come out on the cabbage, right? No matter what remedy you use, those worms never die. Even soaked in pesticide they don't die. You have to pick them off. It's that hard. It took an enormous amount of work. Doing that was really tough. It was tough, but at some point, having gone around to PhDs and everywhere else, I found that the one who explains it most systematically is our Director.
사다가 써봤자 안 됩니다. 여러분들이 지금 가까이 배추를 키울 때 배추에 조그만씩한 벌레 나오죠? 벌레가 아무리 약 처방해도 절대로 안 죽어요. 농약에다 담가도 안 죽고, 농약에다 담가도 안 죽고, 잡아내야 됩니다. 그렇게 어려워요. 엄청 들었습니다. 그래서 그런 일을 하면서 엄청 힘들었어요. 힘든데 어느 때 보니까 제가 박사님도 다녀보고 정로에 다녀보고 다 다녀봤는데 제일 체계적으로 밝혀주는 것이 우리 원장님이시더라고요.
3:02 So I've followed the Director since then. It's now my eighth year, isn't it? My eighth year. So I'll explain, and I have a lot to tell you. Even after eight years of this, I don't know a tenth of what the Director knows. That's how hard it is. When the Director looks at a tree, when he looks at a tree or at its shoots, when he looks at it, what this tree wants, and what it lacks, he knows. The Director does. But I don't know. I only know what I learned at school. Only what I learned at school. Nitrogen is short. Phosphate is short. Potash is short. That's all I know. I don't really know.
그래서 원장님을 그 뒤로 지금 8년째죠? 제가 8년째입니다. 8년째. 그런데 저는 설명을 드릴텐데 얘기를 드릴게 많아요. 8년 동안을 해도 원장님의 10분의 1도 모르겠어요. 이게 이렇게 어려운거에요. 원장님은 나무를 보면 나무를 보면 단초를 보거나 그것을 보면 이 나무가 무엇을 원하는지 무엇이 부족한지를 아세요. 원장님은. 그런데 저는 모르거든요. 학교에서 배운 것만 알아요. 학교에서 배운 것만 알아요. 질소가 부족하다. 인산이 부족하다. 칼리가 부족하다. 그것만 알지. 잘 몰라요.
3:50 So what the Director always says about that is that you must have the ability to talk with the tree. Honestly, I can't tell whether he's a spirit or a man. So I learn from him whenever I can, but there's still a lot left to learn. What I have to show you, I can't lie about. Because if I lied here, tomorrow you'd come and see it all for yourselves right away. You'll come to our Gokseong and see everything, so I can't lie. So I'll explain what we've done. This is the place in our office where we ferment microbes, grow cultures and make natural farming inputs.
그래서 그거에 대해서 원장님께서 항상 말씀하시는 것이 나무하고 대화를 할 수 있는 그런 능력을 갖지 않는다. 사실 거의 귀신인지 사람인지 모르겠거든요. 그래서 이때 저때 배우고 있습니다만 아직도 배울 것이 많이 있습니다. 제가 갖고 있는 것은 저는 거짓말을 못 합니다. 왜냐하면 여기서 거짓말을 했다가는 내일 와서 당장 와서 싹 보실 겁니다. 저희 곡성에 와서 싹 보실텐데 제가 거짓말을 할 수가 없어요. 그래서 했던 것을 설명을 드리도록 하겠습니다. 여기는 사무실 내에 미생물 발효 시키고 배양을 키우다가 천연농자재 만들고 있는 곳입니다.
4:42 Here is where we store seawater in tanks. What this is: it used to be a hydroponic greenhouse. It was built about 30 years ago, then left unused and abandoned. There are many like that. We tore out the beds in the middle, and set clay jars along the inside, and the techniques for making all of these, herbal nutrients and natural inputs, as I taught them, the first year or two were fine, but after three or four years, I couldn't cope on my own. So I taught these people. So that when farmers come, these staff can make the inputs for them.
여기는 바닷물을 물통 안에다 모아놓은 곳입니다. 이것이 뭐이냐면 옛날에 여기가 수경재배 온실입니다. 한 30년 전에 지었던 것인데 안쓰고 내버렸어요. 그런 것이 많이 있습니다. 가운데 베드를 뜯어놓고 그 안쪽으로 해서 항아리를 놔가지고 이 모든 한방영양제나 천연 이런 것을 제조하는 기술을 제가 가르쳐 주다 보니까 1,2년은 괜찮은데 3년, 4년 지났을 때 제 몸으로는 감당이 안 돼요. 그래서 이분들을 가르쳤어요. 농민들이 오면 이분들로 하여금 만들어줄 수 있도록 하라고
5:30 And now these people have become permanent staff. We call it 'open-ended contract staff', right? Only Koreans will know that term. So they became permanent contract staff. Here, from 2009 to 2016, rice went from 23 hectares to 200 hectares. Next year it will be about 250 hectares. There's a reason rice doesn't grow faster like this. If you want to grow rice the easy way, just treat the rice seed with a seed treatment, and you don't have to spray pesticide even once until you harvest the rice. These days.
그래서 이분들이 지금은 무기직이 되었습니다. 무기계약직이라고 하시죠? 한국사람만 아시니까. 그래서 무기계약직이 되었습니다. 여기 2009년도부터 2016년도까지 벼가 23헥타, 200헥타 하고 있습니다. 내년에는 한 250헥타 정도 될 겁니다. 이렇게 벼도 빨리 안 늘어나는 이유가 있어요. 여러분들이 벼농사 쉽게 지으려면 벼 종자에다가 종자처리를 해버리면 나락을 수확할 때까지 농약을 한 번도 안 해도 돼요. 지금.
6:15 You know them, right? There are products like that. Treat the seed with it and you don't need to spray even once. But natural farming is complicated beyond words. First you have to disinfect the seed. Seed disinfection means seed treatment. Then you sow, and while the seedlings are young you have to treat them again. [Names of the stage applications; unclear in the audio.] Then about 50 days before heading you have to apply again, at the changeover. And after that, a few days later, you have to apply again. A month later, apply again. Another month later, apply again.
여러분들 아시죠? 가구초 자바나 그런 약이 있습니다. 종자에다 처리하면 한 번도 안 해도 돼요. 그런데 이건 자연 농업은 복잡하기가 이루 말할 수 없어요. 지금 처음에 종자 소독해야죠. 종자 소독은 종자 처리해야죠. 그 다음에 또 파종을 하고 또 어렸을때 또 처리를 해줘야 돼요. 지민박, 전용박, 정식박, 예전용박. 그 다음에 50일 전에 건반 때 또 교대기 처리를 해줘야 돼요. 또 그거 하고 나서 50일, 3일 만에 또 아침에 박줘야 돼요. 한 달 만에 또 정식 박줘야 돼요. 또 한 달 만에 재석박 줘야 돼요.
6:59 And at harvest you have to do the harvest-stage treatment. Who wants to do something this complicated? [Unclear.] [Unclear; something about people being busy.] They don't want to do anything that complicated. So we only let in the people who are determined to do it, and right now there's a lot of friction over all that. For reference, in our county, Gokseong has 700 hectares of organic rice. Organic alone. And pesticide-free is about 600 hectares. And of that, the 200 hectares under natural farming are organic. So a person who does natural farming has to be a bit of a crazy,
수확 때 수확기 처리해야 돼요. 이 복잡한 것을 누가 하려고 해요. 여성분들은 노래도 안 틀려요. 저희들 보면 우리도 좀 바쁘고 그런데 노래도 안 좋아요. 그 복잡한 것을 안 하려고 해요. 그래서 꼭 할 사람만 들 수 있도록 하니까 현재 그런 게 다 이렇게 분란이 많습니다. 저희는 참고로 곡성은 유기농 벼농사가 700헥타 됩니다. 유기농만. 그리고 무농약이 한 600헥타 됩니다. 그래서 자연농업으로는 200헥타는 유기농입니다. 그래서 자연농업을 하는 사람은 좀 또라이가 해야 되고
7:48 so no matter what others say, they're stubborn. Sorry for using odd Jeolla-dialect words. Only a stubborn person can do it; ordinary people can't. So in that village, the one who becomes head of the farm group, nobody can beat that person. That's how hard-headed they are. So have a look at this. Then, what we've mostly done is melon, lettuce, chives, strawberry, and taro, pepper, blueberry, maesil plum, apple, cattle, pigs, chickens; we've tried it all. We did it all. We did it all, and for example, with chickens,
이러니 아무리 여러분들이 해 갈지라도 고집이 세서 제가 전라도에서 이상한 말을 해서 미안합니다. 고집 센 사람만 할 수 있는 거지 일반 사람들은 못해요. 그래서 그 동네에서 단지 회장 간 사람은 그 사람을 이길 사람이 없어요. 그만큼 꼴통들이 갑니다. 그래서 이렇게 보시고요. 그 다음에 대부분 했던 것이 메론, 상추, 부추, 딸기, 또 토란, 고추, 블루베리, 매실, 사과, 소, 돼지, 닭, 다 해봤다. 다 했는데요. 다 했는데 예를 들어서 닭 같은 경우는
8:37 we get 900 won for each of our eggs. And the pork: since I've eaten this pork, I don't eat ordinary pork anymore. It has no taste. No taste. And the chicken meat: when you boil it, no fat floats up. With ordinary broilers a lot of fat floats up. So that's why it tastes so good. But I'm sorry to say I haven't seen results with the cattle yet. We have records. Everything goes well. But the biggest problem, the biggest problem among these,
우리 닭 계란 하나에 900원씩 받는다. 그리고 돼지고기는 제가 이 돼지고기를 먹고 나서는 일반 돼지고기를 안 먹어요. 맛이 없어요. 맛이 없어요. 그리고 닭고기도 닭고기를 삶아 놓으면 기름이 안 떠요. 기름이 일반 육계는 많이 뜨거든요. 그래서 그렇게 맛있는 거예요. 그런데 죄송스럽게도 소는 아직 못봤습니다. 기록이 있습니다. 다 잘됩니다. 그런데 제일 문제가 있는 것이 이 중에서 제일 문제가 있는 것이
9:23 is apple. Apple is the biggest problem. Apple is the weakest of all. Anyone who grows apples well this way deserves real respect. That person grew apples too, but then gave up. You only need to look into it once. Pear works to some extent, but and in Gokseong, organic melon, organic lettuce, strawberry, taro, organic perilla leaf... [partly unclear] We talk about organic. [Rest unclear.] So let me briefly introduce what we did,
사과 하나가 제일 문제가 있습니다. 사과가 제일 약합니다. 사과를 잘 하는 사람은 아주 그분을 존경할만한 사람입니다. 그 사람 배양관도 사과를 했죠. 그런데 그만 버렸습니다. 한 번만 딱 따져보면 되겠고요. 배는 어느 정도 공수사항은 되는데 그리고 곡성에서 유기농 멜론, 유기농 상추, 딸기, 토란, 유기농 깻잎, 깻잎, 깻잎, 다 토란 깻잎을 얘기합니다. 유기농을 얘기합니다. 우리 석유가 다 지금 신상이 되고 있습니다. 그래서 뒤에 한 번 저희가 했던 것을 간단히 소개 드리는 형식을 하고
10:09 and as for the system, come tomorrow and see it, and see for yourselves whether it's any good or not. Here we go. This is about using farm by-products instead of spending money. All of this goes into pots, sown with the pot seeder, and grown like this. Earlier, the Philippines talk transplanted with an ordinary transplanter. You must not plant at 20 by 15. No.
그 시스템에 대해서는 내일 오셔서 한번 보시고 보시고 좋은 경우가 있는가 아닌가 한번 보시기 바랍니다. 자 보시겠습니다. 이것은 그냥 돈을 안 들이고 농산부산물로 이용해서 쓴다는 얘기입니다. 이거 싹 다 포트로 해서 포트 파종해서 이렇게 해서 싹 키워서 이렇게 키워서 아까 그 일반 이앙기로 필리핀에서 일반 이앙기로 이앙을 하던데 그것은 20에 15로 심으면 안 돼요. 안 돼요.
10:56 I can't agree with that. Absolutely not. We plant at 32 by 25 cm. That's 45 hills per pyeong. Per pyeong, that is per 3.3 square meters, we plant 45 to 50 hills. [Unclear question about the harvest.] After planting, we put up insect lure traps. Then if you look at this, you'll see. When transplanting, you have to plant with this kind of transplanter. This transplanter is produced... and costs about 38 million won. So if you tell farmers to buy this transplanter, they won't buy even one, absolutely not, absolutely. So: 'We'll give you a 50% subsidy.'
동의가 안 동의가 안 돼요. 절대 안 돼요. 저희는 32에 25cm를 심습니다. 평당 45주입니다. 평당 3.3제곱미터당 45주 내지 50주를 심습니다. 그래도 수확기의 문제가 어떻습니까? 심어놓고 살충 유인등 설치하는 것입니다. 그 다음에 이거 보시면 아시겠죠? 이앙할 때 이런 이앙기로 심어야 돼요. 이 이앙기가 ...생산되는데 3천 8백만원 정도 그래서 농민들 보고 이 이앙기를 사라 하면 하나도 못 사니까 절대로 아니죠 절대로 그래서 50% 보조를 줄게
11:45 'We'll subsidize 18 million won,' 'we'll give you 16 million won, buy it.' They won't. 'We'll give a 70% subsidy, buy it.' They won't. So if it doesn't work, find a way. The Technology Center has rental farm machinery, so we bought the transplanters as rental machines and lend them out. When we lend one, we charge 0.3% of the purchase price per day. 0.3%: so for a 30-million-won machine, we take 90,000 won a day. So I'm the type who, when something won't work, finds a way. So that's how we did it. Planted like this, and people saw what we'd planted and said, good grief,
1천 8백만원을 우리가 보조를 줄테니까 1천 6백만원을 줄테니까 사라 안 사요 70% 보조를 줄테니까 사라 안 사요 그래서 안되면 방법을 찾아라 그러면 기술센터에 임대농기계가 있으니까 임대농기계로 사다가 놓고 빌려줘요. 빌려주면 하루에 구입가의 0.3%를 받습니다. 0.3% 그러니까 3천만원짜리면 9만원 하루에 받습니다. 그래서 어떻게든지 안되면 방법을 찾아서 하는 타입이거든요. 그래서 이렇게 했고요. 이렇게 심고 심어놓은 거 심어놓거나 또 이렇게 해놔도 또 세상에
12:33 they said we were crazy, planting the rice like that. Yes, it goes fast. If you do it this way it's done in no time. Done like this, what people thought looked awful turned out to farm well in the end. On one panicle, usually [mention of the Philippines talk unclear], there are usually 85 to 110 or 120 grains. But ours hang heavy with over 300 grains. The most heavily laden one had 320. So I think if you want to do it properly, that's how it has to be done. But however well you do, rice can't turn into gold. Rice is rice.
요따구로 심어놓고 나락 심어놨다고 한다고 미쳤대요. 예 금방 해버려요. 이거 하려면 금방 끝나요. 이렇게 하면 징그럽다고 생각하던 것이 나중에 농사는 잘 됐습니다. 나락 알이 필리핀의 미자에 굉장히 많은데 나락 모가지 하나에요 보통 나락 알이 85개 내지 110개 120개 이런 게 많이 있는 거예요 보통 근데 우리 것은 300개 이상짜리가 주렁주렁해요 최고 많이 달린 놈이 320개 그래서 그만큼 제대로 하려면 그렇게 해야 될 것 같습니다 아무리 잘해도 쌀이 금이 될 수는 없어요. 쌀은 쌀이고
13:19 The rice price falls; with 400,000 seok a year imported from abroad, how could the price be good? [Unclear: something about sending surplus rice elsewhere.] That doesn't work well either, so that's how it is. Next is our lettuce growing. Then, pepper: natural farming peppers are fun. The peppers are long. Longer than this pointer of mine. They're long, and much hotter than ordinary peppers. Hot. So what do you do? To make ordinary peppers hot like that too, you spray brown rice vinegar and they turn hot. [Audio unclear.]
쌀값이 떨어지면 1년에 40만석씩 40만석씩 외국에서 수입하니 쌀값이 좋겠습니까? 빨리 미국에다 주업도 쓰거든요. 주업장이 싸가지가 없고 그것도 잘 안되고 그래서 그렇습니다. 그 다음에 상추 재배한 것이고요. 그 다음에 고추, 자연농업 고추는 재밌어요. 고추가 길이가 길어요. 지금 우리 라이트보다 길고요. 길이가 길고 일반 고추보다 너무나 맵다. 맵다. 그럼 어떻게 해야 돼요? 일반 고추도 더 맵게 하려면 현미식초를 뿌리면 매운 맛이 나요.
14:09 So we're doing things like that, making them hot, as we go. Now look. They say I have five minutes left. The storm hit and flooded it, a third of it [partly unclear], and with natural farming it came back. These people are funny. If anything goes wrong, they say natural farming has to save it. The melons were flooded for a full two hours, the furrows under water, the roots couldn't breathe and they were all dying. And they wanted me to save them. [Rest unclear.] [Partly unclear] I said they couldn't be saved.
그래서 그런 것을 매운 것도 해가면서 하고 있습니다. 자 보시고요. 5분 남았다니까요. 폭풍 불어서 침수돼 갖고 3분의 1 중앙 주동도 자연농업으로 하니까 되더라고요. 이 사람들이 이상해요. 뭐 잘못된 거 있으면 자연농업으로 살려야 되겠다. 멜론은 무려 2시간 동안 침수되고 있고, 고랑이 침수되고 있고, 뿌리가 숨을 못 쉬어서 다 죽고 있더라고요. 그런데 그런 걸 나보고 살려야 하네. 그래서 내가 사람을 만들어 놓으면 만드는 게 저에게 좀 어지러우면 되잖아요. 사람을 만들어 놓으면 만드는 게 ... 못살린다고 했어요. 그래서 그거 못살아요.
14:56 But we tried, applied this, and it came back like this, and they were proud of it. After that I met many people [partly unclear]. [Unclear.] [Unclear; something about money.] So that's how it could happen. Next, this is apple. Apple: [partly unclear; the slide reads 'consulting = natural farming school']. This is grape. The grape grower was about to close the vineyard, so [we stepped in], and after that he made 50 million won. Then he bought that land. after struggling so much. Then he said he'd build a house, and building a house costs about 100 million won.
해보니까 요거 해드리니까 이렇게 해서 살아나고 그 후에 외롭한 사람도 많이 만났습니다 자연과 어른들과 우리나라에서는 돈을 우리가 지른 거 아닙니까 그래서 그럴 수 있었다 그 다음 요거는 사과입니다 사과는 황운산과 지뢰를 한 거죠 포도입니다 포도는 ... 폐원한다는 걸 ... 하니까 그 이후에 5천만 원 벌었어요 그 다음에 그 땅을 샀어요 힘들어했던 것을 그 다음에 집을 짓는다고 하면 집을 짓는다고 해서 조원해서 1억짜리 들어가거든요
15:29 That day the typhoon came and swept it all away. It's still growing back now. Now this is perilla leaf. This perilla leaf from [Moksa-dong?], it's rich in anthocyanin and they say it's delicious. This one drives you crazy with insects too. Crazy. As I said earlier, [Unclear: names of pests.] [Partly unclear] when they hatch a few times... the big ones never die. Big insects never die. Strawberry: when I asked this grower too, [Unclear.] Taro, that one there, grows in the South Pacific, and since our winters are cold,
그날 태풍이 와서 싹 쓸었거든요 지금도 새로 자라고 있어요 자 요거 들깻잎 요거 목사동에서 들깻잎을 안토시안이 ... 맛있다고 합니다 요것도 벌레 땜시 미칩니다 미쳐 아까 원행이라면 이 뭐 도축 뭐 뭐 백돔 한 몇 번 불행이, 얼구설이 난 거 둘 다 나쁘려고 하는 거예요. 큰 놈은 절대로 안 죽어요. 벌레 큰 놈은 절대로 안 죽어요. 딸기, 요 사람도 물어보니까 2년씩만 한 번에 젖대요. 빨리 끝내야죠. 토란, 저거 저거 저거 남태평양에 살고, 우리나라는 겨울에 추우니까
16:15 we produce a lot of taro corms. [Partly unclear.] [Unclear.] 1,500 won, 2,000 won; what used to fetch 1,000 won per kg, a couple of days ago, around Chuseok, [price per kg unclear]. [Unclear.] We raised chicks like this. Then we raised pigs like this too. With pigs it was greed. If you greedily put in too many, they all turn sickly and die on you. Last time... [unclear] But cattle you have to raise for 30 months before slaughter, right? So with these cattle I can't yet say whether we've succeeded or not, and I'll just say it's still in progress.
토란 알을 많이 생산합니다. 가끔 조상은 하나래요. 1,500원 2천원, 1kg당 1,000원 받은 것이 엊그제 추석 ... 나오니까 지금 1kg당 ... 가로하고 높어요. 이 병아리 키운 것을 해놨고요. 그 다음에 돼지도 이렇게 키웠고 돼지도 욕심이었어요. 욕심으로 많이 넣으면 부실 부실 다 해버려요. 죽어 버려요. 지난번에 서거요. 근데 소는 30개월을 키워야 잡아먹잖아요. 그래서 이번 소는 제가 아직 성공을 했다 안 했다 말을 못하고 있고 아직도 진행 중이라는 말씀을 드리고요.
17:02 If it goes well, let the people who really need it be able to do it. The people who most need it are cancer patients, and many ask about it for babies too. With this I'll end my short introduction of what we're doing. Thank you all for your hard work today. Thank you.
잘 되면 꼭 필요한 사람은 할 수 있도록 하시고 꼭 필요한 사람이 죽을 사람은 암 환자고 애기들이 또 많이 묻더라고요. 이걸로 저희들이 하고 있는 자연농업은 간단히 소개를 마치고 오늘 너무나 고생하셨습니다. 감사합니다.