Rice Root Volume Nearly Tripled with Fuel (FAA) at 1:500

0:00 Hi, my name is ... from the Philippines. I'm pursuing my Master's degree right now at Konkuk University. I'm happy to share with you today the secret of our activity, how we produce rice without using or with zero... without using commercial fertilizer or synthetic pesticides. So this undertaking is under the guidance of my advisors, Professor Kim Doo Hwan and Professor Keum Young Soo.

0:49 So yesterday we are lucky, we witnessed the global trend of crop production, the challenges threatening our crops right now. So yesterday Professor Jung has presented these challenges. Similar challenges falls through in our rice production. The big challenge is food security. We can ask ourselves, can we cope with the increasing demand because right now the population worldwide is still growing, so most of the developing countries are rising their staple food. So can we cope with the demand and supply gap? Then another problem is the

1:41 the pollution or the problem created by the intensified farming technologies because most of the government intensified the production of rice so that they can meet the increasing demand of their population. But what is happening now? The problem was created by the technology. The modern technology created another problem, particularly in the environment. Right now we are experiencing the undeniable threat of global warming or the climate change, which is rice is the most threatened crop. Something we should do, something should be done to address these challenges and to reverse

2:40 the current trend leading to sustainable rice production. This can be achieved by environmentally friendly crop production system. It is high time to get back to the fundamentals of agriculture, which is called the sustainable agriculture the key is to build a sound and scientific principle that will increase again or restore the fertility of the soil, that will lead to a more robust or more resistant to pests, a rice that is resistant to pests, and most of all a good or quality produce. So we simply define, or we simply describe

3:24 natural farming, natural science farming, as the farming that respect nature, because it is environmentally friendly it is sustainable without using any synthetic or any inputs that will degrade the environment. So fish amino acid is the new trend used in the technology of natural science farming. This experiment is on board in totality about... we will prove if natural farming really can produce, can we use the technology for producing

4:12 rice, rice grain. So we chose fish amino acid because amino acid contains protein nitrogen we all know that nitrogen is the most important nutrient element needed by crops, needed by rice to produce more tillers during vegetative stage and to produce more grains during the panicle, panicle initiation... during the panicle initiation stage. That's why we use this fish amino acid as the nitrogen source of our rice. So it is also interesting to know that it can promote fruiting, it can promote microbe action in the soil, and it can promote nutrient uptake

5:03 and chlorophyll production. If they work together, it will become beneficial to our rice. So how can we make fish amino acid? I know that we have all the experts here in natural science farming, so I think there are a lot of... we have common standards, but there are some some differences because we need to consider some climatic conditions we have different climatic conditions in different countries so anyway the fermentation might be the different fermentation process or the duration of fermentation but the most I want to emphasize here the common

5:47 ingredients, which is very basic, which is very readily available in our household. We just need the fish, I mean fish by-product, brown sugar, IMO3, porous paper or mosquito net, rubber band, and clay or glass jar, or the container. Then the process of making fish amino acid is very simple. Just chop, just chop into pieces, small pieces, the fish by-product, and mix with equal amount of sugar mix well put into the container then seal it with sugar again then cover with porous paper and put in a well-ventilated, dark, cool place, so that we will wait for the

6:35 for the mixture to ferment. It will take around two to six months, so that we can produce a good concoction, and it can be used by foliar or by soil drenching. We can water it, directly applied into the soil, or through mist spray in the foliage of our crops. So the experiment was conducted in Paju, one and a half hours from Seoul by car, and we conducted transplanting last May 27, 2016, and the rice we used is Japonica type rice. It is common in Korea. The local term for this rice is Chuncheong rice, and it has a 150 days maturity.

7:27 We employ the randomized complete block design with four replications. Each plot measures five by five, or the total experimental plot is 400 square meters. And the fish amino acid treatment: for our control, we did not use any fish amino acid. For treatment one we use the 2,000 dilution, for treatment two we use 1,000 dilution, and for treatment three we use 500 dilution. These are the nutrients. We follow the standard, or the book, or the references we have gathered from our experts. So Type 2 treatment was

8:16 applied during the active tillering stage. Anyway, the component of type 2 nutrients are these. OHN or oriental herbal nutrient, FPJ or fermented plant juice, BRV or brown rice vinegar, and lactic acid bacteria and also the FAA depending on our treatment on the dilution of the experiment. So we applied all the nutrients during the 13 days after transplanting and until the 48 days after transplanting. This period are the vegetative stage of the rice crop. We applied five times this nutrient.

9:04 Then for the next treatment, we use the transition treatment, two times, during the panicle initiation stage. Panicle initiation stage can be determined when you get a stem of the rice, you can see 2 millimeter white particle in the stem or inside the vascular membrane or the culm. So you can see a 2 millimeter protruding white, small piece of white membrane. So we determined that, when we see that, after 59 days after

9:49 transplanting, so we spray immediately with this transition treatment. Then we repeated the application during the heading stage, 80 days after transplanting. The components are these. then for the next treatment we use the type 3 treatment during the flowering stage. So it is visible when you see the rice panicle already appearing after the heading stage. You can see the spikelets are now producing white pollen, so we can already spray with this treatment, containing all the OHN... almost similar components, but they differ only on the dilution rate or the concentration.

10:38 And lastly, the last treatment we applied in the rice crop is Type 4 treatment, during the milking or soft dough stage. Then these are the activities we have done before producing a good grain. So before transplanting, we scattered or we broadcast IMO4 in the soil. Then we use mechanical transplanter because you know in Korea they are already fully mechanized manual labor is not common in Korea but in the Philippines we are still using

11:23 manual transplanting but here we use this machine so the planting distance is 30 by 15 it is already predetermined or the setting of the machine is already this way. But if you will use manual transplanting, you can manipulate the distance in the Philippines we use 20 by 20 or 20 by 15 but here in Korea they are using 30 by 15. And the average seedling per hill, the number of seedlings here, they crowd, it's quite many. Usually in the Philippines we use one or two to three. But here because the machine is already

12:10 Then weed control: we do manual weeding, we release the snail, and we allow propagation or proliferation of the snail, because somehow they can help us control the weeds and we keep good water level to suppress the weeds. And we do replanting when we observe that there are dead hills. Then we spray all the nutrients. We apply the nutrients through foliar spraying. We use also liquid IMO and bioinsecticide, and we observe that there are less pestilence. Then these are the transition, or growth transition, of the plants. You can see from

12:49 seedling to this very robust and productive rice plant. And you can see the root profile. This is the control and this is the treatment. You can see the profuseness and the sturdiness of the roots and the thickness of the roots when they are applied with fish amino acid. And you can see, I just... we just took this picture just to compare the resistance to lodging, or the resistance to strong winds. Natural grown crop is more stronger than the conventional. This field is around our field, so you can see they are already lodging. And these are the results. You

13:42 can see there is a significant improvement in the growth parameters of rice, particularly on tillering, on root length, plant height, number of plants per hill, root length, root volume, leaf area index, and plant height. So you can see control has the least figure, and treatment three exhibited the highest performance compared to all other treatments. Then in this table, I want to emphasize here that number of panicles is the most important component to determine rice yield. So you can see there is a significant contribution of fish amino acid on the number of panicles

14:33 per hill. Then to summarize my report, I can say that FAA significantly improved rice growth. Use of FAA with 500 dilution holds potentiality to boost growth and productivity of rice. So right now, natural science farming will produce high output with natural inputs. So I want to end my report by simply shouting: natural science on rice, we can do it! Thank you.