Seawater + Calcium Weekly = Skin Bees Can't Break
Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang, Founder of Korean Natural Farming (Janong)
Spoken in Korean. Translated to English and checked line by line.
Cho opens with the rice chart on the screen and says upland rice would grow here on mountain moisture. Then he holds up a damaged citrus fruit: it didn't crack, a bee stung it, because too much nitrogen made the skin thin. The fix is a weekly fine-mist spray of Structure (WCP), Reproduction (WCA) and seawater, given before the plant's mid-week dip, which he writes on the flip chart for a quarter acre.
What they found
Why do bees get into thin-skinned fruit, and what weekly spray assists the plant in building a firm skin?
Saturday morning, the first session of the day. Cho teaches in Korean and Kim Chang puts it into English. The rice nutritive-cycle chart is projected at the start, but no numbers are read off it yet. At about 4:45 Cho picks up a yellow citrus fruit with a hole in its skin from the table, next to the jars. From about 14:00 he draws three weeks of days (1234567 three times) on the flip chart, and at about 20:00 writes the spray: 'PCa + Ca + SW ¼AC – 100ℓ / 800 800 1:25'.
- Weekly skin spray for thin-skinned fruit (board, 20:05) — Per 300 pyeong (a quarter acre): 100 L water with water-soluble calcium phosphate (Structure, WCP) 1:800, water-soluble calcium (Reproduction, WCA) 1:800 and seawater 1:25 (board and interpreter). Spoken earlier: Cho's Korean gives calcium phosphate at '700 to 800 times'; only the interpreter gives WCA at the same 1:700–800 and seawater at 1:25 'instead of 1:30'. Adding Medicine (OHN) makes it better (interpreter); Cho adds Food (FPJ) and vinegar (Korean only, 21:49). Fine mist, straight onto the fruit, never in hot sun, once a week. Handout difference: the printed prescription (photo XFLH5606) puts WCP and WCA at 1:1000 in every column, so Cho's spoken 1:700–800 is stronger than the paper. Seawater 1:25 matches the printed 1:20–25 of Type 3 and the second ripening spray (4 L per 100 L).
- When to start it — Cho: one month before the flower forms, not before it blooms; in his example flowers form from the end of June to early July. The interpreter told the room 'at least two weeks ahead'. Solid calcium phosphate needs 22 days (three weeks) ahead (Cho); water-soluble works given two weeks, even one week, ahead (interpreter).
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Mountain humidity here is about 70%, enough to grow upland rice; IMO No. 4 holds 80% moisture
Cho: 70% is the moisture all living things need to grow, so anywhere corn or sugarcane grows, rice will. Farm with IMO No. 4 (Microbes) and anywhere microbes live can be farmed. He offers to bring upland rice seed for people to save and share. (On Thursday, session 2, he gave microbes' moisture as 70%.)
▶ 2:19 As spoken
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The damaged tangerine didn't crack: a bee stung it and sucked out the juice
People had called it fruit cracking (열과). Cho holds it up.
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The skin got thin and soft because of too much nitrogen
A thin, soft skin is what lets the bee in.
▶ 5:47 As spoken
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Calcium phosphate (Structure, WCP) with seawater firms the skin; add water-soluble calcium (Reproduction, WCA)
The skin gets firm and gains elasticity, so it doesn't split easily.
▶ 6:02 As spoken
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Never foliar-feed fruit while the sun is hot
The droplets become convex lenses, focus the sun and burn the skin; sap weeps out and bees and butterflies come to suck it.
▶ 6:25 As spoken
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Seawater 1:25 instead of 1:30; calcium phosphate 1:700–800; water-soluble calcium the same
Calcium phosphate '700 내지 800배' is in Cho's Korean. The seawater ratio and the WCA rate were heard only in the interpreter's English. The board later settles on 800 / 800 / 1:25.
▶ 8:18 As spoken
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Give it one month before the flower forms (not before it blooms)
Cho corrects himself mid-sentence. In his example the flower forms from the end of June to early July. The interpreter said 'at least two weeks ahead'.
▶ 10:02 As spoken
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Solid calcium phosphate must go on 22 days (three weeks) ahead; water-soluble works two weeks, even one week, ahead
The 22 days is Cho's; the two weeks / one week is the interpreter's. Water-soluble forms are taken up fast.
▶ 10:56 As spoken
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With this spray the skin stays clean, bees can't settle and anthracnose (탄저병) doesn't come
Cho describes anthracnose as black spots set into the leaves and black streaks on the fruit. The interpreter said 'blight'.
▶ 11:35 As spoken
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Spray lightly, straight onto the fruit, as a fine mist, not like rain
Turn the sprayer nozzle to the mist setting; open it up and the drops come out too big.
▶ 12:15 As spoken
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Even before any disease, give seawater + calcium phosphate (+ OHN?) once a week, and disease won't come
A baby grows differently week by week; so does a plant. The third ingredient was not clearly heard (probably 한방영양제, OHN).
▶ 13:37 As spoken
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Within each week a plant's nutrition rises, then dips mid-week like a menopause; feed before the dip
Drawn as three weeks of 1–7 on the flip chart. The soil has this dip too. 'God worked for a week and rested on the Lord's day'; plants work a week too.
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Not on day 7: give it before the dip, so it is absorbed and the plant passes over it
Cho points on the board and says 'here'. The interpreter said 'around the fifth day', then 'around the third day'; the day Cho meant is not clear in his Korean.
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When a stage needs a particular nutrient, give it exactly on time; otherwise spray once a week
Steady uptake means the mid-week dip disappears and the plant doesn't get sick.
▶ 18:19 As spoken
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Weekly formula: per 300 pyeong (1/4 acre), 100 L water, WCP 1:800, WCA 1:800, seawater 1:25
Board: 'PCa + Ca + SW ¼AC – 100ℓ / 800 800 1:25'. Spray it all through the crop's growth: 'no disease and no bugs'. 'It's really, really important.'
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Just these three; Medicine (OHN) makes it better; Food (FPJ) and vinegar can go in too
The OHN is the interpreter's; 'FPJ and vinegar' was said in Korean only and never put into English.
▶ 21:35 As spoken
- The rates were given out loud and on the board; no measurement or trial was shown. 'No disease and no bugs' is Cho's experience.
- Cho's Korean gives calcium phosphate at 1:700–800. The WCA rate and the seawater 1:25 'instead of 1:30' were heard only in the interpreter's English.
- The printed handout gives WCP and WCA at 1:1000; the spoken and board rate (1:800) is stronger.
- Timing conflicts: Cho says a month before the flower forms; the interpreter says at least two weeks. The June–July dates are Cho's example, probably from Korea.
- Which day of the week to spray is not settled: the interpreter said day 5, then day 3, and Cho's own number can't be made out.
- The third ingredient of the weekly mix at 13:42 is not clearly heard; OHN is a guess.
- Thin, soft fruit skin and stung fruit point to too much nitrogen.
- A weekly fine mist of WCP, WCA and seawater assists the fruit in building a firm, elastic skin.
- Spray in the cool of the day, straight onto the fruit, never in hot sun.
- Start before the flower forms. Cho says a month ahead; water-soluble calcium works within one to two weeks.
- Feed before the plant gets hungry, not after it gets sick.
Next to Master Cho's teaching
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Agrees
Fruit skin: WCP 1:800 + seawater 1:25 from late June/early July His 2016–17 Hawaiʻi citrus program starts late June/early July with seawater 1:25 + WCP 1:800 + OHN 1:1000. Here he adds WCA at the same rate. The printed prescription handout puts WCP and WCA at 1:1000.
notes: cho-hawaii-2016-2017 — Recipes & methods demonstrated
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Goes further
Seawater 1:25 'instead of 1:30' His recipe book gives seawater at 1:30 as the standard and 1:30, 1:25, 1:20 for ripening; here 1:25 becomes the weekly skin mix.
Cho, Natural Farming Agricultural Materials (Recipe), p. 82
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Agrees
Thin skin from excess nitrogen; the answer is WCP and WCA In his 2006 Q&A excess nitrogen is the diagnosis, and the fix includes foliar water-soluble calcium phosphate and water-soluble calcium.
CGNF Advanced (2006.02) (English translation), p. 57
“Hawaiʻi is the country receiving the most of God's grace.”
▶ 4:25
“It isn't that; a bee came and stung it and sucked out the juice inside.”
▶ 4:39
“You need to eat something before you get hungry so you have strength to work.”
▶ 21:01
In this talk
- 0:00Seating, then the rice chart: upland rice will grow here
- 3:26Hawaiʻi is the best place to farm
- 4:33The stung tangerine: thin skin, too much nitrogen
- 6:25No spraying in hot sun; seawater 1:25, calcium 1:700–800
- 9:24When: a month before the flower forms
- 12:09Spray a fine mist, right on the fruit
- 13:07Once a week, before the mid-week dip
- 19:03The board: 1/4 acre, 100 L, 800 / 800 / 1:25
Transcript
English translation, checked against the Korean as spoken.
0:00 The important information you're going to get for this seminar is a life-nutrient cycle and according to life cycle, nutrient. Where's Joe? Joe is here? Okay. We don't want to be serious. You can grab a chair and put it here so I can... So you have all those copies, yeah? Can you bring this chair here or if you want to sit there? Yes, just like that. If you can't see this writing that well, you look at your copy. The copy has English, but it's very tiny. So this one is for the rice nutrient cycle.
0:49 Ah, the rice cycle. But nobody here farms rice? You don't eat rice here? Anybody growing rice here? A little bit. So there's not only wet rice farming, there's dry land rice farming. Farming rice in paddies, farming rice in dry fields… There's two different kinds of rice farming. Paddy rice, upland rice. One is wetland, one is dry land. So if you want to grow dry-land rice, he will find the seed for you.
아, 벼 사이클. 그런데 여기 벼농사 짓는 사람은 없나요? 여기 밥을 안 먹어요? 논에서 농사짓기, 밭에서 농사짓기… 물벼, 밭벼.
1:39 So when I bring those seeds for you, you just keep propagating and then share among us, I'll go home [to Korea] and bring a little here too; if you keep saving the seed, many people can use it. among you, us, that means. The humidity up on that mountain right now — with that much moisture alone you can grow upland rice well enough. So we have lots of moisture on this island, so you can use just dry-land rice. On the mountain the humidity is 70%.
여기 집에 갔다 여기도 조금 갖다가, 자꾸 씨를 받으면은 많은 사람이 쓸 수 있으니까. 그 습도는 지금 산에 있는 저… 그 정도의 수분만 가지고 충분히 밭벼를 키울 수가 있다고. 산에는 습도가 70%야.
2:24 I was looking at it, your moisture level in the mountain is about 70%. The moisture every living thing needs to grow is 70%. All the crops, anything grows, they need 70% moisture. 70% moisture. So anywhere you can grow corn or sugarcane, you can grow rice. So where microorganisms reside, their body moisture content is 80%. So when you farm using IMO No. 4 — because IMO No. 4 holds 80% moisture — anywhere microbes live is a place where you can farm.
모든 생명체가 자라는 데 필요한 수분은 70%야. 그래서 여러분들이 토착미생물 4번을 써서 농사짓는 데는, 토착미생물 4번이 수분이 80%이기 때문에 미생물만 있는 곳은 어디고 다 농사가 될 수 있는 곳이야.
3:18 So anywhere there's a healthy microbe is growing, you can grow any crops. So don't say 'we can't farm because it doesn't rain' — 'it can't be done in Hawaiʻi.' So you cannot say to me, you cannot grow crops in Hawaii. Hawaii is the best place to grow crops. There's a strong sunlight. There's a good ventilation, good wind.
그러니까 우리 비가 오지 않아서 농사 못 짓는다, 그런 말은… 하와이에서는 할 수가 없어.
4:07 The rain comes with the seasons. It rained there all night again last night, didn't it. Hawaiʻi is the best place to farm. Hawaiʻi is the country receiving the most of God's grace. So you have a lot of blessing from the God here. Now where did it go? Here. Oh, this is not a crack. This one here — it isn't that; a bee came and stung it and sucked out the juice inside. Actually, the honey bee came and then take the juice out, sweetness out.
철 따라 비가 내리지. 오늘도 밤새 거기 비가 왔잖아. 하와이는 농사짓기 가장 좋은 곳이죠. 하나님의 은혜를 가장 많이 받고 있는 나라가 하와이야. 그런데 어디 갔지? 여기. 여기 이거는, 그런 게 아니라 벌이 와서 쏘아가지고 이 안에 즙을 빨아 먹는 거예요.
5:00 It's not crack open. Now, when we talked about this — didn't people call it fruit cracking? That it burst? It didn't burst — a bee came. So this isn't a crack, is it. Because their skin is not flexible. Actually, the honey bee came and it takes the sweetness out of the fruit. They can able to go in that fruit, the reason is the skin is very thin. The bee can get in because the skin is soft and thin.
근데 이걸 갖다 지금 얘기할 때, 이게 열과라고 얘기한 거 아니에요? 터진 거라고. 터진 게 아니라 벌이 와서. 그래서 이게 크랙이 아니잖아요. 벌이 들어갈 수 있는 건 가죽이 연하기 때문에.
5:46 Why did the skin get so thin? Because there's a lot of nitrogen. The reason that they have a very thin skin has too much nitrogen in the fruit. Now if you want to block all of this, give calcium phosphate with seawater and they can't get in. So to make a thicker skin, use ocean water plus water-soluble calcium phosphate, and then skin will get much thicker. And when you foliar-feed fruit like this, if you give the nutrient while the sun is hot,
이게 왜 가죽이 연해졌느냐. 질소가 많아서. 그런데 이걸 이렇게 모두 막으려고 하면, 인산칼슘에 바닷물을 갖다 주면 못 들어오거든요. 그리고 이런 열매에 엽면시비를 할 경우에, 영양물을 햇빛이 뜨거울 때 하면은
6:32 the droplets sit here and become convex lenses. Once they're convex lenses, the sun's focus comes onto the lens and makes the burn big. So when you give a nutrient to this fruiting crop, do not give them on a sunny day. Then sap weeps out, so bees and butterflies come and suck it right away. Because when you do that, all those little water bubbles landing on the fruit, and then When sun hit comes and it will burn it and then that burn of skin is kind of swell and then very easy to,
그 물방울이 여기 묻으면 볼록렌즈가 되잖아. 볼록렌즈가 되면 햇볕의 초점이 볼록렌즈에 와가지고서 이거 크게 만들어. 그래서 진물이 나오니까 벌이나 나비가 와서 대번에 빨아먹는 거라고.
7:19 bee can come and easy to sting that skin. So because this skin is weak, bees and butterflies come and pierce it. To block that, if you give calcium phosphate with seawater, the skin gets firm, calcium phosphate and calcium… So you want to prevent that, you need to use water-soluble calcium and water-soluble calcium phosphate together and then you make other nutrients and then spray them. with the ocean water.
그러니깐 이 피부가 약해서 벌이나 나비가 와서 뚫… 그런 걸 막으려고 하면 인산칼슘에다가 바닷물을 주게 되면 피부가 단단해지기 때문에. 인산칼슘하고 칼슘으로…
8:05 To prevent the bugs from coming and stinging the fruit, the ratio of the ocean water ratio is 1 to 25. instead of 1 to 30 If you're going to give it that way — and the calcium phosphate at 700 to 800 times. and then the water-soluble calcium phosphate 1 to 800 to 1 to 700 and then also water-soluble calcium, same ratio 1 to 800 or 1 to 700
그렇게 줄 것 같으면, 그리고 인산칼슘은 700 내지 800배.
8:50 So when you give nutrient that way, the skin will be very flexible, also it's hard. Then the skin gets firm and gains elasticity, so it doesn't split easily. Not so soft, not thin, make a little bit thicker, and it has more flexibility. Firm but Form and flexibility. When do you start? When? When do you give the nutrient? That is [unclear]…
그렇게 되면 이게 피부도 단단해지면서 탄력성이 생겨가지고 금방 안 [터져]. 언제 그 영양을 주나요? 그것이 [불명확]…
9:37 Ah, before the flowers come out? Before the flowers come out — you have to give it before the flower forms. That way, when the flower forms and builds its skin, it gets used for that. So, do you remember? One month before the flower bud comes out. So one month before. You give it from one month before the flowers bloom — no, not before blooming: one month before the flower forms. One month before it forms. From the end of June to early July. You have to give it then,
아, 지금 꽃 나오기 전에? 꽃 나오기 전에, 꽃이 생기기 전에 주어야. 그래야 꽃 생길 때, 피부를 만들 때 그게 써야 됩니다. 꽃 피기 한 달 전에부터 줘야지. 아니, 꽃 피기 한 달이 아니라 꽃이 생기기 전에 한 달. 생기기 전에 한 달. 6월 말에서부터 7월 초에요. 그땐 줘야
10:25 because that's when the flowers will form. So, end of June… So actually, we're going to tell you again. So flower or bud is starting to come up around end of June to beginning of July. So you need to give this nutrient at least two weeks ahead, at least. If you just use regular calcium phosphate, you have to give them way ahead, but they So if you give solid calcium phosphate you'd have to give it 22 days ahead — three weeks ahead — but
꽃은 그때 생길 테니까. 그러니깐 6월 말… 그러니까 고형 인산칼슘을 주려면 22일 전에 줘야 되지만, 3주 전에 줘야 되지만
11:24 But we are using water soluble, so you can start giving them two weeks ago, even one week ago, they can absorb really fast. Then the skin gets clean, the bees can't stay on it, and anthracnose doesn't come either. What's 탄저병? — Anthracnose: black spots set into the leaves, or here on the fruit you get black streaks — that's anthracnose. That won't happen. Okay, so when you use this nutrient ahead, and then their skin is going to be really clean, and then you will prevent the blight. So you spray the fruit directly?
그렇게 되면은 피부도 깨끗해지고 벌도 붙지 못하고 탄저병도 오지 않는다고. 탄저병이 뭐지? 탄저병이 왜, 이파리에 검은 점이 박히거나 여기 [과일에] 검은 줄이 되기 때문에 탄저병이거든요. 그것이 안 생겨요.
12:11 Yeah, you spray them lightly. Yes, just spray it lightly. You have to give it lightly — not like rain falling, it should go out as fine particles. to make your water structures make a small, so use a very fine spray, like a mist kind. Look at your sprayer, there's a nozzle; if you open the nozzle up, big drops come out; to do it right, set it so only mist comes out. So on your sprayer, there's a, you can change the setting, how big or how small, so you use a mist setting.
예, 그냥 가볍게 뿌려주세요. 뿌릴 때 가볍게 줘야지. 비가 오듯이 주면 안 되죠. 입자로 가게 해야지. 분무기에 보면 노즐이 있는데, 그걸 노즐을 틀어 놓으면 방울이 크게 나가고, 그걸 잘 하기 위해서는 안개만 나가고.
13:00 Mist. So that's directly on the fruit, not? Yeah, directly on the fruit. Can we write questions down? Just, there's a lot to cover if we're taking them all. So when you observe your baby, the baby will change if you observe them. They do different things every week. A baby, roughly every week, grows differently. It's the same with the plant also. So even if no disease has come, mix seawater, calcium phosphate and [OHN?],
애기가 대개 일주일 간격으로 자라는 게 달라지지. 그렇기 때문에 병이 오지 않았다 하더라도 바닷물하고 인산칼슘하고 [한방영양제?]를 섞어서
13:46 and give it once a week, and disease won't come. It's the same as crop. If you mix this right input with ocean water, every week your plant wouldn't have a disease. So there's three weeks right there.
일주일 간격으로 한 번씩 주게 되면 병이 오질 않아.
14:50 At this point the nutrition is still rising, so it's fine, but then comes the time the nutrition goes down. In a person we'd call that menopause. So, in the beginning, when you give an nutrient, it's going up and then when there's a middle So when menopause comes, nutrition is short. If you give nutrients then, its strength doesn't fall and it doesn't get sick. In the middle, around here — you give it here? — That's right. period it's going down so in the middle when it started to going down it's like a menopause at the menopause stage you need more nutrients so when you give
이때는 영양이 올라올 때라서 괜찮은데 그 때가 되면 영양이 내려가게 된단 말이야. 그걸 갖다가 우리가 사람으로 말하면 갱년기라고 하는 거야. 그래서 갱년기가 됐을 때는 영양이 모자란 말이지. 그때 양분을 주게 되면 힘이 떨어지지 않게 돼서 병이 안 걸리는 거예요. 중간에, 여기쯤에 주면 되죠? 그렇죠.
15:38 this nutrient If you give this nutrient every week, it tops up the nutrients. So when you spray once a week, you're kind of past the menopause stage. That's why you're giving nutrients every week. In the middle part, they're starting to have menopause, At that time, even crops, they need more nutrients. The energy goes down. So that's why we are giving nutrients every week. Then they wouldn't have sickness or disease.
이 영양제를 일주일씩 주면 그 영양분을 보충시켜 주는 거죠.
16:28 So even the crop, just like human beings, they have menopause. The soil has a menopause too. Even the soil has a menopause. Just like us, we work all week, but end of the week we rest, it's the same. God worked for a week and rested on the Lord's day, didn't He. In the same way, plants work for a week and… Even crops are the same. Day 7 — not when it's coming down… this here… [unclear — possibly 'around day 5']… So even if you do the one-week nutrient cycle, if you give around a fifth day, you wouldn't
토양도 갱년기가 있다고. 일주일 동안 일하시고 주일날 쉬셨잖아. 마찬가지로 식물도 일주일 동안 일하고 7일. 이때가 내려올 때가 아니라, 내려올 때가 아니라 요거… [오일째쯤?]…
17:11 give the nutrient with seawater, and it just passes over without that — without the menopause. Then the crop doesn't get sick. have any problem with your crops. So it's except… So, Director — do you give it on day 5? Or day 7? So you give her your nutrient around third day and then they pass a menopause stage. No. Not on day 7 — you give it here. You have to give it here so the nutrition is absorbed and it gets over this. Around this point it hasn't [dropped] yet, see.
영양제를 바닷물하고 [주면], 그러면 그것이 없이 그냥 넘어가거든. 갱년기 없이. 그럼 작물이 병이 안 걸려. 그러니까 원장님, 5일 때 줘요? 7일 때 줘요? 아니지. 7일 때 주는 게 아니라 여기다 줘야지. 이때 줘야 영양이 흡수가 돼가지고 이걸 넘어가는 거예요. 이때쯤은 그게 아직 안 되잖아요.
18:06 So you keep repeating that cycle. Even in the [unclear] period, when it's time for a particular nutrient you give it exactly then, but otherwise you spray it once a week. It keeps absorbing nutrients, so the menopause disappears. Then it doesn't get sick. So when you follow this nutrient cycle, they wouldn't have the menopause stage. Just keep on doing that in every week. The plant will start growing healthy, and then no disease and no bug comes.
[불명확]일 때도 영양분을 줘야 될 때가 되면은 그때 딱 줘야 되지만, 그렇지 않을 때에는 일주일에 한 번씩 그걸 뿌려 주게 되죠. 계속해서 영양분 흡수가 되니까 갱년기가 없어진다고. 그러면 병이 안 걸리는 거예요.
18:58 So the goal is to spray it before menopause? Yeah. Don't let it get depleted. SW — sea water.
19:49 If it's 300 pyeong — 300 pyeong… Quarter acre. Quarter acre. One-fourth. A quarter acre. So to give this nutrient, if you have a quarter acre with 100 liter water, the ratio of the water-soluble calcium phosphate is 1 to 800, calcium is 1 to 800, and sea water is 1 to 25. So when your crop is starting to grow, if you give this nutrient every week, your plant Keep spraying this all through the crop's growth and there's no disease and no bugs.
300평이면, 300평이면… 4분의 1 에이커. 이걸 갖다가 계속해서 작물 자라는 과정 중에 뿌리면 병도 없고 벌레도 없어.
20:51 wouldn't have any disease or bug. So it's really, really important. So this is very important information. You need to eat something before you get hungry so you have strength to work. When you're hungry you can't work. Crops too — so they don't get hungry, you have to supply the nutrition. So even human being, before you get hungry, you have eat some food, you don't get hungry. before you get hungry stage, we are doing same thing to the crop. Before they get hungry, you feed them food. Just these three things, no other inputs in just these three things.
그래서 아주 굉장히 중요한 거예요. 배가 고프기 전에 좀 뭘 먹어 둬야 힘을 쓸 수가 있잖아. 배가 고프면 힘을 못 쓰잖아. 작물도 마찬가지로 배가 고프지 않도록 영양을 조달해야 된다.
21:38 If you use OHN in there, it will be better. Right — do you put FPJ in too? FPJ and vinegar. I'm going to compare with the human being now.
그치, 하나 천혜녹즙도 넣어요? 천혜녹즙하고 식초.