Seed Soak Solutions, Egg Yolk Oil, Baby Chick Feeding
Drake opens with the I Ching hexagram Taming Power of the Small, then covers a busy week on the farm: 13 to 15 chicks hatched under two rogue hens, a mongoose trap mishap, and one chick lost to the dog. The surviving chicks went into a 3x3 foot brooder pen with a cardboard house and a pile of rice, no heat lamp needed.
On day three, chicks get finely grated boiled egg for protein, followed by a small pinch of bamboo cut to about a millimeter square. The bamboo is rationed so chicks stay hungry for it, which teaches them to seek out grass and later cuts feed costs once grass becomes a third of their diet.
Main Q&A topic: fertilizing seeds after germination. Drake explains the seed already has what it needs, so instead of fertilizing you use a seed soak of food, cleanser, medicine, and structure (the core maintenance solutions) plus fuel, minerals, and IMO, soaked 15 minutes to two hours. Hold off fertilizing until the first true leaf appears under the cotyledons so the plant is forced to grow roots first.
He also demonstrates egg yolk oil: burn egg yolks in a junk pan with a wooden stick for about 40 minutes until they smoke and blacken, then squeeze out the dark oil. A small amount added to a seed soak boosts germination, and Mark noted it also helped heal a cut on his head.
Questions answered
- 12:59 How do you feed chicks in their first few days? — On day three give a little finely grated boiled egg for protein, then a pinch of very finely cut bamboo.
- 15:34 Why give baby chicks bamboo? — Bamboo is fibrous and sweet; giving only a little for a few minutes teaches chicks to seek out grass and lowers feed costs later.
- 19:36 Can you fertilize seeds after germination? — No, the seed already carries everything it needs, so use a seed soak instead of fertilizing.
- 21:07 What goes into a seed soak solution? — Food, cleanser, medicine, and structure plus fuel, minerals, and IMO, soaked 15 minutes to two hours.
- 24:21 When should you start fertilizing a new seedling? — Wait until the first true leaf appears under the cotyledons so the plant grows roots out first.
- 25:07 Does seed soaking help old, low-germination seeds? — Christoph soaked old onion seeds and got a lot more germination than expected.
- 25:52 How do you make egg yolk oil? — Burn egg yolks in a junk pan with a wooden stick for about 40 minutes until they smoke black, then squeeze out the oil.
- 28:35 How do you prep soaked seeds for a seeder? — Seed soak about 15 minutes, then dry the seeds on a paper towel or in the sun before loading them into the seeder.
- 30:05 Is egg yolk oil good for anything besides seeds? — Mark said it also helped heal a cut on his head.
KNF Office Hours is a free live Q&A every Sunday at 9 AM HST. Bring your question to pureknf.org/learn/questions or join live.
In this episode
- 0:00 Intro & I Ching: Taming Power of the Small
- 4:57 Membership meeting announcement
- 8:01 Chicken hatching story & mongoose mishap
- 11:46 Setting up the brooder pen for new chicks
- 12:59 Boiled egg for day-three chicks
- 15:34 Bamboo teaches chicks to eat grass
- 19:36 Q: Fertilizing seeds after germination
- 21:07 Seed soak solution ingredients
- 24:21 When to start fertilizing seedlings
- 25:52 Egg yolk oil for seed soak
- 28:35 Drying seeds before using a seeder
- 30:05 Egg yolk oil for wound healing
Transcript
Auto-transcribed with Whisper. Click any timestamp to play from there.
1:30 Hey, welcome to the Korean Natural Farming Podcast brought to you by the Pure KNF Foundation. Explaining the wisdom of Master Cho, watching some of his old videos, keeping his spirit alive, keeping the good vibes of natural farming flowing throughout the world and the gathering place. All these great folks to come together, share wisdom with each other, inspiration, and good things. So we got an hour. You can ask any questions you want about natural farming or anything. Uh, and, um, and then toward the end of the show, we'll watch some videos of, uh, right
2:10 now we're in Muzu, Muzu with, uh, Master Lee at the, uh, 2017 Advanced Chicken Workshop, learning about soil actually, which is kind of funny because natural farming is all about integrated animal farming and soil being a huge part of animal farming. that animals and plants and soil, all of it intermeshed. You can't do one part without the others. And natural farming being a complete holistic farming system, you will find we cover it all, all the time, even though we're focused on one specific topic, such as keeping animals and or chicken.
2:54 So with that, uh, let's start with a bit of higher wisdom. Today we have the taming power of the small, and it says you are temporarily restrained, and it's a time for taking small steps. This hexagram signifies a time when darkness has temporarily enveloped the light. Creative power is present in the background. However, and we'll come forward in time. Your responsibility in this moment is to accept the restraints quietly and remain content with
3:41 taking small steps. The obstacle to success can only be removed now by gentle measures. Inside yourself, be focused and determined. On the outside, non-action, adaptability, neutrality, and tolerance are the orders of the day. Ambitious behavior is to be avoided. Think of planting seeds rather than harvesting fruit. Think of the time. Think of the time. Do not forget that the inferior elements within yourself, others, and the time itself may only be restrained now,
4:27 not fully removed. Do not be tempted into any engagement which will serve to unbalance you. Instead, hold quietly to the center and take small steps until the higher power has tamed the obstacles in your way. So, yeah. Every day, every Sunday, thanks for being here. Taking small steps forward. Tiny steps. Microscopic steps. Working toward making the Earth a better place. Working toward being better in ourselves. Better with each other. Under the guidance of Master Cho.
5:13 And with the leadership of the Pure K&F Foundation, which, if you do not know, we have a meeting today. A membership meeting at 2 p.m. Hawaiian Standard Time. And, again, we don't believe in Daylight Savings Time in Hawaii, so we've already figured that out if you're here live. But, yeah. So, we got some good folks in the house. We got Thomas. What's up? Christoph, Cecily, Printer Bear. All members. Amazing. And, Mark. What's up, man? You gotta be a member. But, yeah. Sweet. I'm glad to see you here. All here. It's great to have everybody in the house. And, hey. And we got Bird here. Hey, cool.
5:57 You're amazing. Yeah, thank you. You're amazing. It's amazing to be getting love flowing back and forth and keeping this show on the right path. So, we do have a membership meeting today. So, if you're not aware, Claudia. Yeah. Just learning. Love your videos. Yeah. It's great. We're here to support you, learn, get the journey. And, um, also today. Uh, so let me just pull this up right here and then switch this over right here and do this. And, um. Oh, yeah.
6:44 Oh, yeah. Okay. Um. Let's pull this this way. That way. So, there we go. So, um, yeah. So, here today, um, Pure KNF Foundation, uh, here. Got a membership meeting. So, if you're not a member and you want to be part of the community and get in on the Zoom meetings that we have. Uh, pureknf.org. Or E-K-N-F.org. And, um. Go here under the membership section. And, um, join. Or, if you are a member, log in. And, um, all kinds of good things for our members. Um. And, uh. Yeah. We meet. We meet once a month. And that month that is today, uh, for March.
7:30 We'll be meeting. Looking forward to talking with y'all here today. And enjoying that. And. This view. We'll see. We'll work on that. Okay. So, um. So, yeah. Looking forward to joining y'all. Membership meeting today. And, um. In other news. Um. We just had, um. We just had a couple chickens. I had a couple chickens over the. I had. Uh. Give birth. And I don't know if that's the right word. Because they gave birth a while ago. Their eggs hatched. Kind of an interesting idea. They give birth early and then their eggs hatch. Um. But we just got, um.
8:18 I think 13 to 15 new baby chickens. Uh. They popped out of their eggs in the last few days. And, uh. I had one hen that was sitting there on a nest outside of the pen. On this, uh. On actually. On our IMOs. Um. Being stored in a box. She was sitting there. And for like. I don't know. At least 50 days. Like. Just sitting there on these eggs. And the eggs. She wasn't inside the pen where the roosters are. So I think the eggs were all infertile. But she was just sitting there. Very determined. To sit there. And, um. And sitting there. Sitting there. Sitting there. Nothing. Nothing. Nothing.
8:58 I'm like. I don't think those eggs are fertile. And then two other hens. That are kind of rogue. Uh. Got out of the pen. And landed. And decided that. Since she was already there. That that was a good spot. Safe spot. To, um. Lay their eggs. And so they laid each. Probably. A couple. Dozen. Like a dozen eggs under them. There was a whole pile of eggs. And they sat there diligently. For. You know. 20 days or so. And their eggs hatched. And then that chicken that was there before. Abducted their youth. And took them. And started parading around. As if she had hatched. Uh. The chickens. And, um.
9:35 There was at least two. And immediately. We. Or there was three. That she had abducted. From these other hens. And, um. Then. One of them disappeared right away. So. You know. There's predators. There's mongoose. There's all kinds of things. And when they're not in the pen. They're very vulnerable to those. So one of them disappeared. And I was like. Okay. And then. In the process of. Um. One. And then. And I set some mongoose traps. And one of the. And then. One of the chicks walked into the mongoose trap. Then the mother hen went on top of the mongoose trap. And shut the thing.
10:10 And in the process of freeing that chicken. That chick. Out of the mongoose trap. My dog got excited. And killed the other chick. Because it wasn't being protected by the mom. Because we were trying to free the other one. And she got. She tried to assault me. As I was trying to free her baby. And so she's down to just one. This. This fluffy. Nice little chick. Down to one. Because my dog got the other one. Drive. Drive. It's always sad when your dog. But you know. She just got excited. It was so much action happening. She just wanted help. And so then I ended up freeing.
10:42 The other chick that was bigger. And better. Let her go around for another day. And then those other two chicks. Other two chickens. Hatched a whole bunch of eggs. Over those days. Because they. You know. As they're laying them. They don't all hatch on the same day. And so. They ended up all hatching. And. Now we got about. 13. 14. 15. New chicks. I don't know. And we took them. From the mother. And put them into the pen. Inside. Where it's safe. Because if they. Those. The hens won't. These are like rogue hens. And they won't go in the pen. Because they're. You know. I don't know.
11:18 I got some rogue chickens. That aren't into conformity. Which is fine. But. So. But putting them inside the pen. Now. We put them inside a little baby pen. So it's three feet by three feet square. With a little baby house in the back. And a pile of rice in there. And so we're going to raise them in there. Because if I let the mother hens raise them outside. They're all going to die to predators. Just because. It's impossible to. You know. You got to have the predator protection. And the roosters around. Because I don't have rogue roosters out. Because. You know. There's only so many chickens.
11:55 I can let. Be rogue. Be crap everywhere. And they stir everything up. And they just. Oh man. You don't pen up your chickens. Pretty much destroy the rest of you. Everything else you're doing. So. Put them inside. And we're going through the whole process. Of having the. Chunks. Or. We put the rice in there. And their little baby house. And they. They survive the first night. All in there. Doing their thing. I'm not even using any artificial heating. It's just. There's enough chickens. They can kind of huddle together. And keep the warmth. And then. They have a little house.
12:27 I made it out of cardboard. So they can go inside. And keep warm. And then. Pile of rice right outside. And a waterer. On one. Waterer. On one side. And then. Today. I'm going to. Boil an egg. Because they're not. They're about. Two to three days old. And so. On day three. You want to introduce. Boiled egg to them. Where I'm going to take it. And run it through a cheese grater. And make the egg. Into really tiny pieces. And then. I'm going to put the. Boiled egg in. For the chickens. The little chicks to eat. And then. Have some bamboo. Right after that. So put in just a tiny bit of egg.
13:05 Boiled egg for them. Grated. Real fine. Like you know. The fine parmesan. Style grater. Fine. Fine grated. And then. Have the. So they'll eat the egg. And that's good protein. It simulates the mother's milk. For them. And. Usually. If you had had. Chickens. Um. In the wild. Not all the eggs would hatch. And the mom. Chicken would crack an egg. That didn't hatch open. And then the baby chicks. Would cannibalize that one. To get the kind of protein. They need. And so having boiled egg. Is a simulation. Of the mother's milk. Because. Chickens don't have teats. And they don't have. Milk.
13:45 They don't have mammaries. So. Having the mother's milk. Go for the chick. Is very important. So they will kind of cannibalize. And so I'm going to simulate that. By making a boiled egg. Have them eat that. Right after they're done eating it. I will drop in bamboo. Cut very finely. Like. Think of like. Less than a. Like millimeter size. Square millimeter size. Um. Pieces of bamboo. And that will teach them. Because it's a little sweet. And it'll teach them to eat grass. And you just put very little bit of it in there. Just enough so they can eat it within about five minutes. And then remove it.
14:20 And then that teaches them that it's scarce. And then they will be hungry then. For the sweet bamboo. And it'll teach them to eat grass. Very vital. So. As I'm going through this whole chicken thing. We're. You know. By the grace of God. We have 13 hatch chickens. I was going to get the incubator out. Catch some eggs anyway. But this just happened naturally. And um. And I had to abduct. The chicks from the mothers. Which. You might think is cruel. But. It's actually. I'm going to get way more of them. Because. I have the predator pressure. Inside there. And they won't. They'll just.
14:55 If we put the mother hen in with them. They'll just lead the chicks back out of the. Out of the pen. Into the danger zone. And it's like. You know. Live free or die. I guess. Is what. Um. What the. They're going to choose to die. So. Um. So. Anyway. Yeah. So. I'm going to go through this whole process. And then. I'll feed them the eggs. For the next week. 14 days here. Every day. A little bit of egg. Every day. A little bit of bamboo. And then. Give them the additional food. So they can eat that. But. The egg. And the bamboo. Are rare. And. Um. That'll condition these chicks.
15:34 And they're eating the brown rice. Which will. They'll pack themselves full of it. And it will stretch out their intestines. So they can be. Great. Good layers. And have a huge digestibility index. When you have longer intestines. You then can absorb more of the food. Going through the intestines. And all this thing. So I think it's kind of. Kind of fun. That. While we're going over these lessons. I have the ability to also. Do this. Um. And the whole reason to use. The bamboo. Is that it is incredibly fibrous. And it's sweet. And so. Being incredibly fibrous. And sweet. Uh. The bamboo.
16:14 Is the number one thing to do. And I bet you. If you drive around. Not too far. Somebody has bamboo. Bamboo grows in pretty much every climate. And you can find some bamboo. And you can ask them. Hey. Can I. Can I have a cut. Uh. You know. Just a branch of your bamboo. You can probably get it. So. Um. And it's also. You can cut it extraordinarily small. So. Most other things you're thinking of. May not be substitutes. Because. Um. It's so fibrous. And so non-digestible. The whole point. And it's sweet. So the thing is that. Um. You know. Uh. Bamboo. Sugarcane leaves. Those types of things. Um.
16:53 It's hard to substitute. Other things in there. Um. But maybe you can figure out. Some other substitute. I'm not sure if. Uh. Japanese knotweed. Would be a substitute. Or. Corn. Uh. You could try it. Your mileage may vary. But the idea is. Bamboo. Is. Um. The whole point is to be hard. On their digestive system. Early. Um. And have these sweet things. Because you want them to. And make it rare. So that they think that. Grass. Is the primary thing. They should be eating. Because then you can make. A third of their diet. Later. As they grow. To be grass. And the grass is pretty much free.
17:28 So that really lowers. Your whole feed cost. On everything. Is if you're feeding them. A third of their food. Is just grass. And they're able to digest it. Because they've been eating this. Since they're young. You. That's the whole idea. So. I'm not exactly sure. What other things could be. Substituted for it. Um. But. Bamboo. Is. Fairly easy to find. I don't. You know. People. You know. Botanical gardens. All kinds of things. You just. You don't need much. And if you take a cutting of the branch. And you keep it in water. You'll be able to keep those leaves alive. For. You know.
18:00 Several weeks. And you only need a few leaves. Um. You know. You don't. Like. I just take the leaves. And roll them. In fact. We may even get to that. Bit. Of how the bamboo. Is done. I know we did it. In this chicken. Video series. So. We will go over it. In the video. And if you want to skip ahead. Go ahead. Find that. And go. Toward it. Just a shortcut. That way through. So. Anyway. Uh. Good. Good. Good. Exciting. Thing. To. Um. You know. Get. Get chickens. And get the chickens. Going. Um. And. Uh. Um. Yeah. And there's all kinds of bamboo. Everywhere. And people plant whatever they want.
18:45 I don't think there's any restrictions. On plants that you can plant. Um. C'est la vie. You know. That's. Uh. Chaos. So. Um. Let's see. Let's see. Yeah. Hopefully you enjoyed that little noise there. Uh. Let's go like that. I'm trying to actually. Drop that down. Get that. So that's going. Okay. I think you can still hear me. That's all good. Adjusting the mic. Making good. Good adjustments to the show here. Um. Yeah. Daylight saves. We don't do that here. Um. So. Can I speak to fertilizing seeds. After germination.
19:30 Fertilizing seeds. Um. Fertilizing seeds. After germination. Usually. The seed has. Everything it needs. Within it. So you don't need to fertilize seeds. Um. You do want to do a seed soak solution. And what that does. Is it kind of softens up your seeds. A little bit. And it gets them ready to. Um. It puts the microbes in there. Um. So let's. Let's. Let's. Uh. Since you asked that question. Let's go over. And do a little bit. Of this here. Transit. Over. Go. Up. This is the book here. Your KNF recipe book. And if I scroll down. To the.
20:16 Um. Let's see. Scroll. Scroll. Scroll. Down to the. Prescription. For a seed formula. Uh. It says. Used. Used as a seed. Transplant. Soak. Then lightly watered. On the planted areas. Encourages microbes. To connect. With the fresh plantings. Uh. See soaking seeds. And transplanting methods. For more details. Which is not in there. Um. But let's look at the seed. Soak solution. By itself. It consists of. Food. Cleanser. Medicine. Structure. Which are all part of the maintenance solution. So. You got your basics. Of everything you need. Your Maslow's hierarchy of needs. You got food.
21:02 Cleanser. Medicine. Structure. So you got all those things. Plus then you want fuel. Because it's like putting lighter fluid on your charcoal. You want to make sure that lights. And then some minerals as well. And the minerals help to. You know. If it's deficient in anything. And this also. Should have some IMO. In it. If you make a liquid. And you put some IMO in there. Then you will be putting the microbes. Plus all these nutrients in there. Soaking them. Soaking them for about 15 minutes. To two hours. Depending on how fast. Your seeds germinate. You don't want them to sprout.
21:37 In this liquid. You just want to soak them. To soften the seeds. And then you could potentially. Redry out the seeds. And then germinate them later. Or. You can put the seeds in this liquid. And then what I do. Sometimes with small seeds. Like lettuce. Is I'll just water this liquid out. So that it's easy to get the seeds. To go into a row. And then. Use that. So in terms of fertilization. Of seeds. You don't really need to fertilize. Seeds. Because. The cotlands. That are in there. The. You know. The seed is designed. To have everything it needs. And so those cotlands. The first false leaves.
22:20 And I call them false leaves. Because they're in the seed already. The plant didn't grow these leaves. The prior plant grew these leaves. These cotlands come out. And if you seed soak. Then those. Those leaves will be even bigger. And better. And. As they sprout out. Then they get the light. And. You don't need to start fertilizing your plant. Until. You have your next. Real leaf. Coming out under your cotland. So coming out under there. And. Then you'd start your maintenance formula. And things on those. The seed soak. The idea is just to power up the seed. By giving it what it needs.
23:01 It'll sprout. And then watering. Doing soil foundation around. And then watering the. Ground to excite the microbes. And that beginning part. You want to give the seed. A little bit of a hard start. So as it. It's putting out its cotlands. It's then. Deciding to reach. Its roots out. Further. And if you can get it to grow. Roots. In the beginning. Early. Because you don't put that much. Nutrition around your plant. It has to reach out. Further. And tie into more of the soil biology. And you give it that hard start. And that way it's reached out. It grew a robust root system.
23:37 To look for the things it needs. And then by the time it puts out. It's another leaf. Then it's already has a good. Established root system. And so fertilizing your seeds. You don't really need to do that. Because all the nutrition's in there. If you seed soak. It'll be covered in microbes. And good. And then you plant it. And then it'll reach out. And then after it grows a real leaf. Then you can start fertilizing it. Because then it'll have a robust root system. If you just put everything near it. Like you plant a seed. And I already have it super amended right here.
24:09 It'll just grow roots like that. And then the roots. Just have. Oh I have everything I need. And then it'll grow. And then later it'll use all this up. And then it won't have the roots. To grab the things it needs. So. So fertilizing seeds. I hope that concept makes sense. And hopefully it makes. Sense on how that works. But the idea is that. You know. You don't really want to. Spoil. The child. You want to make it reach. And earn. And get a real job. Reach out. Find things. And then. That way it'll be able to provide. For itself. When you're gone. And your nutrition's gone. Right. That's.
24:46 That's the idea on that. And yeah. You can use the. The jang. Let's see. What is the jang? Jang. Jang. I don't find anything for jang. Maybe it's a different word. In English. Um. I just find some. Arabic stuff. Um. Okay. Yeah. So. Seeds. Um. Yeah. After the first. True leaves. Then giving it. Maintenance. To get it. To go. Um. Yeah. And Christoph saying. He soaked. Old. Onion seeds.
25:31 With low germination rates. A lot more germinated. Than I expected. And it's. Yeah. So. Powering up the seeds. By soaking them. With this nutrition. Enables them to sprout. And Master Cho. He talked about using. Egg yolk oil. Which. Um. You can search in the channel. Uh. Under my channel. For egg yolk oil. In fact. Why don't we just. Why don't we just do that. Let's just go here. To. Oh. Not that. Yeah. There we go. YouTube. Amazing. What a. Heck. Well. We're not going to go to that. I'm not sure what this is. But. If you are at. My channel. Which you can get to. In multiple ways.
26:11 Probably just clicking. The link below. And then we search. Egg yolk oil. So. Search. Egg. Yolk. Let's just see. What this returns. So. Here. There's some. Egg yolk oil. On this one. Here's Dr. Park. Talking about. Making egg yolk oil. Here's me. Making. Egg yolk oil. And then. Yeah. So. You know. If you make. Egg yolk oil. Supposedly. Master Cho. Has a story. Where. You take the egg yolks. Cook them. Like you're going to eat them. And then. Turn the heat up. High. Until you get. Like smoke. Coming out of there. Which. You know. You burn. And it takes about. 40 minutes or so. And don't do this.
26:53 In your house. It'll smell like it. And you'll probably. Ruin your pan. And do it with a wooden stick. Don't use plastic stick. Because it'll get so hot. Use a wooden stick. Use a junk pan. And all this smoke. You see the smoke coming off. You see how it's turning black. And it's burning. This is after about 40 minutes. Of doing this. Let's see here. Okay. Okay. So this is in Korea. But. And it's. And it gets really hot. And it's hard to film. While you're doing it. But basically. But basically. As. As you start to burn it. Then this oil.
27:39 Comes out of there. And it. You know. You make this. Pieces as small as you can. Let's see here. Let's see if we can get. An actual thing of the oil. Coming out. Yeah. Here. Let's see. So the oil. If you kind of tilt it. And you crush that. What you have. Into like a puck. There's all this oil. So squeeze. You know. Squeeze the material out. And it kind of happens. At a certain point. Where it just gets critical. And the liquid. Comes out of there. I'm saying. This maybe wasn't the best video. But. Hopefully you can see that. And when you do it. Just. Just go ahead and do it. Burn the crap.
28:13 And just the yolks. Don't use the whites. Just the yolks. And you get egg yolk oil. And you mix that. Into. Your. Seed soak solution. Just a tiny bit. And that will help. Seeds. Sprout. As well as maltose. Which are other things. Which is not part of our. Nine core solutions. Those things. But those are additional. Things you can add. And the maltose. Also helps. The sprouts. And all those things. So. Those are additional. Things to do. And yeah. Adding maintenance. To the water tray. Yeah. Soaking those things. JPY.
29:00 Cedar. Cedar. Um. Let's see. What is it? Oh. Yeah. Okay. So. So you're talking about. Using a cedar. Like this. So. If you're going to do. A seed soak. And you want to use. A cedar. Like this. Um. Then. Uh. Just. Just after you're done. Seed soaking. Dry the seeds. Back out. So just seed soak them. For about 15 minutes. Then dry them back out. On a paper. Paper. Uh. Paper towel. You know. Or put them. You know. In the sun. And then you could use. A cedar like this. By loading them back in. So. You know. You don't want to be putting. Wet seeds in here. It'll probably clog the heck out of it.
29:46 But. Um. But. Yeah. You could use. You know. Just dry. After doing seed soak. Just dry them out. If you're going to use a cedar. Um. And. Yeah. And yeah. Be careful. The egg yolk oil. Is extremely hot. Uh. Yeah. And then. Mark's talking about. How the egg yolk oil. Is also extremely good. At healing. Uh. Wounds. He cut his head. And he put it on his. Uh. Head at Birdman's. And then it. It. It helped. Uh. Heal. Yeah. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. ! !
30:55 It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It.
31:41 It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It.
32:26 It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It.
33:11 It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It.
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34:41 It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It. It.
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